What is Work Specialization? how its use in Google and KFC.

WORK SPECIALIZATION :

Work Specialization, also known as division of labor, refers to the degree to which tasks necessary to achieve organizational objectives is divided into various jobs. Work specialization allow managers to break complex tasks into smaller, more precise tasks that individual employees can complete. Each worker is trained on how best to perform a specific task. Over time, that worker becomes proficient and effective at performing that task.

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SIMILARITIES BETWEEN GOOGLE AND KFC IN WORK SPECIALIZATION :

Both companies group the employees according to the job they are supposed to do. Employees are divided into teams and roles they are supposed to do. In KFC, at the operational level, staffs are divided into two: The Customer Service team and The Food Service Team. The preceding concerns with the satisfaction of customers while the latter deals with the preparation of meals.In Google, work is also divided into Teams. There are many Teams in Google from Engineering and Design to Sales Operations. The initial deals with the development of Technology while the second sets the business direction and ensures it runs smoothly.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOOGLE AND KFC IN WORK SPECIALIZATION :

Google uses a matrix organizational structure with a degree of flatness. The company’s structure has 3 main characteristics in which employees are grouped: 1. Function-based 2. Product-based 3. Flatness.
In terms of function, the company has Sales Operations Teams, an Engineering & Design Team, and a Product Management Team etc . Google also uses product to group employees, for example, in developing Nexus devices and its fiber business. Flat organizational structure means that the employees can report directly to the CEO without bypassing middle management. KFC uses hierarchy to group employees. The following diagram shows the management hierarchy chart.

EFFECTIVENESS :

Work specialization has helped both companies to complete work faster and more efficiently. The division of labor into several small tasks ensures employees to complete their work in time. In KFC for example, work specialization is implemented in such a way that the cashier takes the order the chef prepares the food as the branch manager supervises the whole process. This ensures work is running smoothly and quickly.

How To Encourage Employee Involvement In Decision Making

As a business owner, you have to make a lot of decisions. Even though you are the head honcho and have the most knowledge about the workings of your business, you might lack knowledge in some areas. Or, your business might be getting stale from a lack of fresh ideas.

Involving staff in decision making can make your business stronger. Your employees can supply you with new ideas that you would have never thought of.

Why You Should Have Employee Involvement In Decision Making

Involving employees in decision making can be beneficial for your business and employees.

When you let employees help with decisions, it shows that you trust them. Even if you only let employees give input to assist you in making the final decision, you still show that you value their opinions.

Asking employees for their opinions can give you different perspectives to make better decisions. While you have an overarching idea of your business, your employees are in the day-to-day trenches. Employees often work more closely with customers, so they know what buyers need and request. Employees can also come up with revenue-generating and cost-saving ideas.

Letting employees make decisions frees you up for work in other areas. For example, if employees have a say over how displays are set up, you might have more time for your accounting tasks checklist.

Involving Staff In Decision Making

You can’t simply hope employees will give you their opinions. You must actively seek their advice.

Below are three ways you can let employees help you make decisions.

Suggestion Box

Gathering good ideas is the first step to making good decisions. Create a system for employees to give you their suggestions. This might be a physical suggestion box. Or, you might have a digital alternative, such as a designated email or online form.

If you do have a suggestion box, make sure you regularly check it. Don’t let it go unopened for long periods of time. Create a routine of checking it. This helps you make timely decisions.

When employees give you suggestions, respond to them. Tell them how you will use their ideas. If the idea isn’t right at the time, make a note of it. Tell the employee that you appreciate their idea and explain why you aren’t using it. Be careful about rejecting all employee ideas. If employees notice that you never act on their ideas, they may quit submitting them.

Employee Surveys

Regularly survey employees to get their feedback. You might use a paper or electronic survey. The surveys can help you learn their opinions, ideas, and level of satisfaction.

When determining how to do a performance review, make sure you include a short employee survey. After you give employees feedback, ask them to give you feedback. Their responses can help you make decisions that will help your business and their positions improve.

Once you receive the feedback, use the results to take steps to improve your business. Look for common complaints and ideas. You can pull employees who had ideas or felt strongly about something and ask them for more details. Find out what changes they would make to improve your business.

Leadership Teams

You might set up leadership teams, or committees, at your business. The people on these teams don’t have to be managers. The teams can comprise any employees.

The leadership teams might have a general focus on your business. Or, you can create specific teams. For example, you might have a team that focuses on marketing decisions and another team that focuses on developing your products or services.

The teams should regularly meet to generate ideas and make decisions. Or, you might set up a communication channel for ongoing conversation. Committee members should feel free to give input about upcoming decisions

blog link: https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikekappel/2018/04/04/how-to-encourage-employee-involvement-in-decision-making/?sh=60630cdb6561

Role Of Double Entry Booking System in Accountancy

Double entry bookkeeping is the concept that every accounting transaction impacts a company’s finances in two ways. The general ledger is the record of the two sides of each transaction.

  • Double-entry bookkeeping says each accounting transaction has two sides.
  • The general ledger is a record of the two sides of the transaction—a debit and a credit.

If a company sells a product, its revenue increases and its cash increases by an equal amount. When a company borrows funds from a creditor, the cash balance increases, but the balance of the company’s debt increases by the same amount.

The double entry system creates a balance sheet made up of assets, liabilities and equity. The sheet is balanced because a company’s assets will always equal its liabilities plus equity. Assets include all of the items that a company owns, such as inventory, cash, machinery, buildings and even intangible items such as patents. Liabilities represent everything the company owes to someone else, such as short-term accounts payable owned to suppliers or long-term notes payable owed to a bank. Equity represents the owners’ stake in the company. Equity may include any contributions the owners have made to the company, plus the company’s profits or minus the company’s losses.

Each entry has a “debit” side and a “credit” side, recorded in the general ledger. Asset accounts increase when debited and decrease when credited. Conversely, liabilities and equity increase when credited and decrease when debited. If an asset increases with a debit, then the credit side of the entry will either affect another asset by decreasing it, or affect a liability or equity account, increasing it, in order to keep the assets = liabilities + equity equation in balance.

A sub-ledger may be kept for each individual account, which will only represent one half of the entry. The general ledger, however, has the record for both halves of the entry. When Lucie purchases the shelving, the Equipment sub-ledger would only show half of the entry, which is the debit to Equipment for $5,000. The Credit Card Due sub-ledger would include a record of the other half of the entry, a credit for $5,000. The general ledger would have two lines added to it, showing both the debit and credit for $5,000 each.

Accountants today do not typically use a physical general ledger book; however, modern accounting software uses the same underlying concept of posting two entries to the general ledger for every transaction.

Debit entries are entries recorded for payments made or dues owed. In general, Debit signifies

  • Decrease in liability
  • Decrease in income
  • Decrease in equity
  • Increase in assets
  • Increase in expense

Credit entries which are the exact opposite of debit entries, are entries recorded for payments received. In general, Credit signifies

  • Decrease in expense
  • Decrease in assets
  • Increase in income
  • Increase in equity
  • Increase in liability

Every transaction in a Double-entry system is recorded as a credit as well as debit. The credit entry is used for recording those transactions that bring in revenue into the account. On the other hand, the debit entry is used to record every payment transaction from the account. The idea is to have both these entries balance out the accounts.


If there is a Double-entry system, what happened to the Single-entry system? This bookkeeping system deserves mention in this section before we understand what the Double entry system brought to the table.

The Single entry system records financial transactions in a single ledger. Transactions are shown to affect only a single account. In such a system, only one account’s value will increase or decrease. The most significant disadvantage that this system suffers from is the inability to generate proper financial reports or statements.

Let’s look at some important differences other than the number of entries.

  • Single-entry bookkeeping does not show the current state of wealth
  • With the single-entry bookkeeping system, generating financial statements, cash-flow statements, and balance sheets wasn’t easy.

Advantages of Double Entry system

There are several benefits that the double-entry system of accounting brings to the table. Most of them are listed below.

  • The double-entry system allows for trial balance, ensuring accuracy in accounting.

Trial balance is usually prepared periodically or at the end of the financial year, assuring arithmetic accuracy by ensuring that there is an equal and corresponding credit for every debit.

  • The double-entry system allows for recording details so that the overall profit and loss scenario is clear.

The Trading and Profit & Loss A/c gives a clear picture of overall  profit or loss for any given financial year.

  • Financial facts are much clearer for taking crucial financial decisions.

Whether for expansion or a round of investment, keeping a clean book with up-to-date transactional facts is necessary. The Double entry system of bookkeeping keeps the system transparent and clean, thus keeping investor confidence high.

  • The Double entry system allows easy identification of dues owed.

The double-entry system makes it easy for the business to identify dues owed to lenders, suppliers, and service providers.

  • The Double entry system facilitates easy tax liability identification.

It becomes easier for businesses and tax authorities to calculate comprehensive income and levy appropriate and accurate taxes.

  • Frauds can be detected quite easily with the double entry system.

With the double-entry system improving the transparency of the accounting system, frauds are also picked up early.

With trial balances and profit & loss statements becoming easy with a double entry system, deeper analysis like year-on-year financial performance analysis is readily available.


  

Why Behavioral management is Important?

There are a number of theories about behavioral management. In this limited scope of this article all the various theories cannot be discussed. However the core subject of behavioral management is to ensure that the employee’s behavior is aligned to the mission and the objectives of the organization. Evidently, employees working in different departments have to understand there functions and conduct themselves for maximum efficiency. Likewise the manager should supervise and continuously assess the behavior of the employees to bring in the desired improvement.

 Thus, Behavioral management is a particular part of the subject of organizational development. Some other terms of calling behavior management are behavior management theories and applied behavior analysis.

It is a very common phenomenon that behavior management experts are really experts in the field on human resource management.  These people who are very professional in this particular field can really help in identifying the particular organization’s culture and the way of its functioning. Another way of looking at the concept of behavioral management is that it can mean overhauling the present way of functioning of the company so that it can be checked whether this method is working fine or it needs to be changed a bit.

Behavioral management is one the very important human resource management theories. The concept of behavioral management is sometimes also called the positivistic approach of management. The employers must always use a behavioral approach so that the company can strive for achieving excellence in the field they are working.

The employers must always take the management’s efficiency over the concept’s effectiveness. Always the top management must take into consideration the fact that they must use those kinds of management styles that actually improve and also actually encourage the employees to develop every day patterns of some serious work. The concept of Time and Motion Studies will actually help all the workers perform all their duties that the company has asked the employees to do.

There are some Behavior management activities that can be done so that the employees are constantly motivated in whatever they are doing. There is a very interesting thing that when the behavioral changes are bad, then they lead to serious issues in the company, but when the behavioral changes are all positive then company will prosper like anything.

Therefore according to me behavior management must be made an important part in the management structure. It is due to the fact that companies are growing by size, so due to the increase of employees in the companies, the need of management of the behavior of the staff must be very regularly done.

Blog is written by Vikram. 

   The Meaning and Process of creative decision making

The concept of creativity states that creativity means that you create something different, that will hep in solving a particular problem.

The importance of creativity is that it always improves the capacity of a person who takes some or the other decision. It is always very important that the way you deal with the problem in a very different and a very creative way that will help you develop your decision making skills. As the one single problem, does not have one particular solution, creativity will always help to generate new and different ideas to solve the particular problem.  Some particular steps are stated below to help people in improving there decision making skills.

  1. Always there must have been a very conventional way of solving a particular problem. So people must think out of the box as sometimes the old and conventional way of solving a particular problem does not usually always work.
  • There are many different problems and they are always very diverse in nature. Therefore different questions that pertain to the particular problem must be made and also they must be answered in a very creative way.
  • Many different things are usually taken for granted. So it is very important that no fact of the particular problem is taken for granted.  All the concepts of the problem must be dealt very carefully.
  • There is always a scope of development and also improvement.  So to stay up to date with what is happening in the present world, the managers of organizations must upgrade themselves from the old and very traditional ways to more modern mode of communications which would help you solve the problem in a much more creative way.
  • The firms must never fear of the initial shortcomings and failures. It is because all the initial failures and shortcomings that occur are usually the stepping stones for success.

The Creative Decision Making Process:

The process of creative decision making has the following steps:

  1. Convergent Thinking: There must be convergent thinking among all of the people who work in a team. Convergent thinking means that all the thoughts of solving particular problem must be focused on the problem only.  
  • Divergent thinking: Divergent thinking basically means that you analyse the particular issue in a variety of ways. Here people find out different alternatives of solving particular issue and the best alternative becomes the creative solution of the particular problem.

Therefore the companies must encourage out of the box thinking which will actually come of great help to the company when the company is in some dire crises. So creative decision making must be encouraged by a lot of the company executives.

Blog is written By Vikram Kakri.

Critical Steps of Strategic Planning

First of all it is very necessary to understand the concept about what is strategic planning. Any organization has to be governed by an efficient management if the organization has to grow and flourish with time. The plan in which they always set their priorities in respect of their available resources, operations, recruitments, the retention and all the responsibility of the CEO of that particular organization and also the senior executives of that organization to carry out that particular strategic plan.

The plan has to always be monitored efficiently as it always said that a much better implementation of a not so good plan is always better than a very poor implementation of an excellent plan. The very disciplined efforts by all the concerned staff is very imperative in the success of the strategic plan. Always the focus should be on the pursuit of excellence in the productivity of any kind.

Normally a document giving all the details that are prepared so that all the stakeholders of the company take the necessary steps to fulfill the particular plan. The strategic management activities may utilize the internal resources or even they may us the external consultants to ensure the best possible implementation of the particular strategic plan of the organisation. While there are no absolute rules, the management must find out and also establish the series of the best practices to help all concerns with the execution of the plan. Some steps to help the organization in strategic planning management are listed below:

  1. It is  very important to analyse the internal and also the external environment.
  2. Formulation of a system which is developed must always take into account is that it should be aligned with the vision of the particular organization.
  3. All the efforts should be focused on the operation of various aspects of management.
  4. It is very necessary to continuously monitor and also evaluate the performance, culture, communicate, do the data reporting of the organization and use other strategies of the management objectives.

What is Communication and its importance in the life of today!!

What is Communication and its importance in the life of today!!

We are aware that the society has developed only on the basis of the individual who is communicating with each other. So therefore it very useful to understand the fact and the process of communication, the language in which the communication is taking place and the features of the communication process. Along with that we also need to know what the very specific objectives of communication are in specific aspects of communication.

IF we very simply say, the communication would just be only the message which a particular sender would send to a particular person. It is every evident that the message would be created in a particular language which the receiver should always be able to understand. Thus the following process will very adequately express the ideas that you have set above.

  1. Sender always would send a particular message.
  • He / She first creates the message in a particular language, which the receiver will understand> in other words, whatever the sender has to express, he / she has to quote the same thing in a certain language and in such a form that the reader should understand very well what the sender desires to express. The aspects stated in the latter points must be kept in view so that the process of communication is very clear and lucid.
  • The language should be very simple without using very many jargons.
  • The objectives must be to express not to impress other people. Therefore always the message has to be as concise as possible without using any verbosity.
  • The communication has to be a two way process, it must not be a lecture or a speech where the audience just only listens. Further it is asocial activity whose aim is to enhance  the relationship among all the people with whom you communicate.
  • The quality of communication can be assessed by the clarity of the thought of the sender, the language in which the person expresses must express his authority in that field. Of course it must be through a certain channel which are available. Today there are many channels available today which includ3e some like the telephone, social media, broadcast on television, Youtube , etc.
  • The person or the particular group to which the communication is addressed has to give a positive feedback if the message is properly conceived ,very efficiently written and communicated in the best possible channel.

5 Qualities Of A Very Good Product

Any particular product that comes into the market. The product must always solve some important problems; some problems which always the consumers have been facing. There are so many examples in any common household: for example, the Washing Machine solves the problem of manually washing of the clothes. In the kitchen also the food processor makes many strenuous tasks very easy, which earlier was a really very difficult task. While there is no doubt that the particular product must look nice, it must also add to the appeal. However if there is a very beautiful product that is not at all functional, then the product is just a waste.

The particular product must be very reliable. It should not at all crash unexpectedly. It must give the service to the customer to the very extent that is promised by the seller / producer.

Next, the particular product must be very easily used. Any new product which is very complicated and is difficult to use can never be popular even if it has many new and special features. The ease of the consumer should be the number one priority of the producer who Is introducing the new product in the market. Neilson created a usability module. He defined the term usability as to be efficient, easily learning ability of the product’s use; the product must give satisfaction to the consumer, the errors of the product must be minimum if not totally avoided and it must be a very memorable experience for the consumer to use the product.

The next important point is that the product must give a lot of pleasure to its owner. When the emotional stimuli is actually built, with a sense of serious trust, the customer  will always be happy and feel delighted. This is one of the most important factors of making the product very successful.

Finally there should be a need for that new  product.  In other  the product should be very desirable. In other words. If the product must fulfill all of the above requirements  , then it will surely find favor with the customers and will fly out of the shelves with ease.

Blog is written BY Vikram Kakri.

The Chain Of Command

The chain of command which is usually given by the CEOs of the organization has to always percolate downwards to all of the people who are concerned. Thus if the CEO will have to give a particular command ,it will have to reach the head of the department will in turn communicate to the supervisor. The supervisor will in turn get the same instructions implemented by suitably advising the workers under them.

The subordinates thus have one superior over them to whom he / she has to report to. There is a  likely chance that the subordinate may respond to different people where he may express the confusion which happens due to many competing priorities of the organisation. It is the responsibility that the organization must always keep in mind the inherent conflicts and will always try to mitigate all of them. The advancement of the technology and also the trend to empower the employees of the organization which makes the process less relevant; yet the chain of command is not at all going to disappear at any particular time soon.

A proper version of a chain of command, which is always aligned to the missions and visions of the organization always removes all the problems which are involved in multiple instructions. A chain of command has to be always designed as per all the structures and the needs of the particular organization. The process of departmentalization always follows the designers even in how to group the particular tasks. There can never be a watertight compartmentalization in each of the tasks, where many of the people have to contribute through various  processes. Besides many other things changing due to the business environments, & the political environment. Such changes always have to be factored in order to ensure the smooth working of the chain of command.

Blog is written by Vikram.

Departmentalization

We have seen that the work specialization always increases the productivity of the particular organization. Because of the process of           specialization the quality of the particular product also improves. Now the next important need for the organization are to create departments which have the job of handling various tasks so that these tasks can be coordinated  seamlessly.

The process of departmentalization happens  on the basis of which jobs are grouped together always play an important role in the manufacturing  sectors and industries particularly.

What are the main aspects which always have to be kept in mind for always creating the departments which can always function logically and effectively. These points are stated below:

  1. Function: The function is always the most important and popular way to group activities together, thus the corporations may have a supply chain function, a finance function, human resources function, etc. The specialization of the worker’s  specialization for those who are grouped together are very effective in working as a team. People with the common skills ar5e always put together are always effective in working as a team. People with the common skills are always put in a common unit.
  • Product – The groups can also be formed when you take in view the particular task for  the particular product. Thus a paper  product’s manufacturers might have a department of his stationery, paper for all other miscellaneous uses and also the tissue paper which can be used for all the sanitary and household chores.
  • The Geography – An organisation’s customers are scattered over a very vast geographical region. The Organization might group together various tasks together like distribution, sales. Be it known the fact that different geographical locations and its habitats may have a difference  in likes and dislikes. But the company may also create separate departments only for the administrative purposes. Thus if the organization operates nation wise, it could create a region in south, west, north and also in eastern areas of the country. So each of these units may be managed by a regional or an area manager.
  • Process:  In a manufacturing organization, normally there are many different processes. Thus in a tube making plant might organize the departments in respect of the casting, pressing, finishing and also packing. Now if there are a number of the products which are manufactured in the organization. This should also be considered while creating the particular departments.
  • The Customers: Finally all activities are carried out the benefit of the customers. Thus the needs, likes and the dislikes, there habits and all other related issues have to be taken into account to create a customer service department. The complaint box and or a drop box can be fixed, so that the customers can provide there feedback in a very confidential manner.

           Depending on the size of the particular organization, the department can be planned and executed accordingly.

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