We have seen that the work specialization always increases the productivity of the particular organization. Because of the process of           specialization the quality of the particular product also improves. Now the next important need for the organization are to create departments which have the job of handling various tasks so that these tasks can be coordinated  seamlessly.

The process of departmentalization happens  on the basis of which jobs are grouped together always play an important role in the manufacturing  sectors and industries particularly.

What are the main aspects which always have to be kept in mind for always creating the departments which can always function logically and effectively. These points are stated below:

1. Function: The function is always the most important and popular way to group activities together, thus the corporations may have a supply chain function, a finance function, human resources function, etc. The specialization of the worker’s  specialization for those who are grouped together are very effective in working as a team. People with the common skills ar5e always put together are always effective in working as a team. People with the common skills are always put in a common unit.

• Product – The groups can also be formed when you take in view the particular task for  the particular product. Thus a paper  product’s manufacturers might have a department of his stationery, paper for all other miscellaneous uses and also the tissue paper which can be used for all the sanitary and household chores.

• The Geography – An organisation’s customers are scattered over a very vast geographical region. The Organization might group together various tasks together like distribution, sales. Be it known the fact that different geographical locations and its habitats may have a difference  in likes and dislikes. But the company may also create separate departments only for the administrative purposes. Thus if the organization operates nation wise, it could create a region in south, west, north and also in eastern areas of the country. So each of these units may be managed by a regional or an area manager.

• Process:  In a manufacturing organization, normally there are many different processes. Thus in a tube making plant might organize the departments in respect of the casting, pressing, finishing and also packing. Now if there are a number of the products which are manufactured in the organization. This should also be considered while creating the particular departments.

• The Customers: Finally all activities are carried out the benefit of the customers. Thus the needs, likes and the dislikes, there habits and all other related issues have to be taken into account to create a customer service department. The complaint box and or a drop box can be fixed, so that the customers can provide there feedback in a very confidential manner.

           Depending on the size of the particular organization, the department can be planned and executed accordingly.

First Of All let us all consider what is an organizational structure? – First Of all a worker reports to a worker always reports to a supervisor ( if there is one), or the worker reports to the manager. The manager in turn reports to the director, who as per the hierarchy may have to report to the Vice President. Further the Vice President may report to a chief level executive officer like a CEO( chief executive officer) or a chief administrative officer. There may be a small amount of variations in the hierarchy as per the mandatory requirements of the company.

The organizational structure always defines how the task are formally divided, grouped and also coordinated task are formally divided, grouped and also coordinated. Usually the following eleements would always comprise the plan or the following structure:

1. Work Specialization
2. Departmentalization
3. Chain Of Command
4. Span Of Control
5. Centralization Or Decentralization
6. And Finally Formalization.

Each of the elements are described below and the blogs that follow:

1. Work Specialization – Frederick Winslow Taylor, who did the research about the time and the motion who determined the most efficient ways for all the workers to do all their task. At the same time, Taylor’s one very right way was the birth of the concept of work specialization. With those theories in mind,  henry Ford conceived the idea of his assembly line. He said and I quote, “One best way and viewed the work specialization with an eye for continuous improvement.” The activities are further subdivided into separate jobs as per the workers requirements.

For Example, if put one worker on the task of building an automobile, it will take him a really long time, but if the job is divided into smaller tasks and each task can also be carried by a particular worker. In this particular case, if the worker has to do the same thing again and again then his or her speed will increase. This will give them  more productivity and also there quality will be better. With practice even the quality will be far better. With practice the employees will be able to learn to do their  designated tasks quickly.

In fact most manufacturers have started work specialization or which was also called division of labour as it was found very effective. The task which required better skills would be now separated out and given to various different employees with those skills. Work specialization form the point of view of productivity actually turned out to be a boon. The employees could be easily put to do one specific task. Thus they could assemble highly complex machines much quicker and more easier than a highly trained employee who possessed all the skills does the same task, he would take much longer to do it. The manufacturers fine tune work specialization to increase productivity until the 1960s. It was felt that the particular idea cannot be taken to far. If done so boredom, stress, low productivity and low turnover of employees will prove very expensive. Thus the particular organization would always draw the line to which extent they can go in relation to division of work and its specialization.

NOTE: Please note that the Article will continue where other elements will be properly described.

It is very necessary to use a step by step decision making process so that you have a kind of a template and you do not have to invent the wheel again the again. The following steps that are listed below – the protocols would be actually found very useful.

Step 1: You must identify what you have to decide. Even though you know what you have to generally speak, you must write it down always before in very specific words.

Step 2: Every effective decision always requires you to collect all the necessary information about the various processes which are relevant to the decision that you are to make. It is a very important step that you must be very objective in collecting and also assessing this particular information.

Step 3: As you have to make a particular decision about a problem that you have to solve or you have to decide a course of action, it is a very important thing to note all the various possible alternatives. These alternatives can also be assesses for their efficacy by comparing and note down both there pros and cons.

Step 4: Try to get some important evidence for the various steps that you are following. It should be in the right always direction keeping in mind the big picture or the final outcome that you want to achieve.

Step 5: How to choose the best alternative once you have noted down all the pros and cons of the various alternatives, try to priorities the efforts, effects and also results. In fact this is the extension of the fourth step, but this step is of critical importance. This must be considered as a separate mode of action.

Step 6; Having gone through the process very carefully, you have to take the action very carefully. IT I s no use reaching a decision and not implementing it. Good implementation of a slightly weaker plan is much better than a poor implementation  of a very good plan.

Step 7: It is always necessary to always review the decision and monitor till the finale. The things are changing fast in the business world or even in the personal arena. So agility to respond with the alertness is off critical importance.

Here is what some great people say about decision making:

1. “Waiting hurts. Forgetting hurts. But not knowing which decision to take can sometimes be the most painful…”
   ― José N. Harris, MI VIDA: A Story of Faith, Hope and Love
2. “You can’t make decisions based on fear and the possibility of what might happen.”
   ― Michelle Obama

A true and particular organization will always have the foundation and also will always conform with the legal requirements where the business is operating.  Ethic involve what i8s right and wrong.  But often there are times, ‘The Rights Thing’ is not nearly as straight forward as stated in the business ethics literatures. Often there are times the dilemma arises; that should a person lie to his or her boss?.  There are many experts who believe that a right thing to do is to depend on the situation.

Many philosophers actually consider ethics to be the science of conduct. The Ethics include the fundamental ground rules by which we live our own lives. In fact the philosophers have been discussing for more than 2500 years, that is since the time of Socrates and Plato. However the times have changed; today is often translated to a law regulation or a rule tomorrow. The values which guide how we ought to behave, need to bed defined and also refined.

While there are a certain amount of attributes and qualities that transcend the limits of the time and the space. These are like giving respect to others, showing honesty to others, showing fairness, responsibility, among others.

Now let us consider what is business ethics. Business ethics refers to what is expected of you at the workplace. These consideration can be in regards to the products and services in relationship with the stakeholders. It is very critical during the time of the fundamental change which are faced by the business, both the non profit or the profit making organisations. While the values are taken for granted some of these are often questioned and are diifcult to follow. Thus is is a leading to a serious dilemma to what is the right thing to do.

The times are changing so very fast that any particular organisationin order to survive, it has to change or at least modify its strategy. For Example, the corona pandemic has brought a paradigm shift in the way of life in general and now are able to conduct your business in  a particular situation.

The simple things like do not lie, stick to the truth are no longer valid and they are not going to be followed strictly. The important thing which comes to the fore is that you have to work in the interest of the organization and alsow hen you find  adhering to the ethics of the organization is likely to cause an immense loss to the company. So at that time we must change out tactics and do whatever is in the best interest of the organization.

Blog is written by Vikram

What is the concept of Strategic Management?

Strategic management is all about the strategy and also the methods that the managers will actually adopt the methods that the managers will actually adopt and ensure a much better productivity & competitive advantage of the organization’s profitability.

It can also be actually de4fined as a number of decisions and actions which the managers take to align the employees and all their goals with the goals of those particular organizations. This can be actually be achieved by leveraging the strength  of the individual team members and also motivating them to work as a whole team.

Strategic management is actually about planning for dealing with predictable as well as the unexpected contingencies. In the growing competitive markets, alertness of the managers and the ability of managers to modify the strategy is actually very helpful.      Just as a general of an army on the war front, when he notices some very unexpected steps by the enemy, then he quickly adopts the new tactics to defeat the enemies. Likewise corporations make a lot of efforts to beat other in the competition in the similar price bracket.

Strategies are formed according to the various  objectives and also have to be aligned with the vision of the actual vision of the organization. As has been said above, the alertness of the management of what is atking place in the business environment, so far as their of operation is concerned.

Thus the strategic management is a continuous process, where the orgnisation  actually continuous process, where the organization consistently tries to stay ahead of others in the same area of their operation.

Strategic management is both a science and also an art. The Science may provide the logical course of action, but the art of management comes in very handy, while dealing with the employees who are also human beings. Here there is a realization that everyone are an individual and also one size does not fit all.

One of the most important role of strategic management is to incorporate various functional  areas of the organization completely. Further it is very necessary that these functions harmonise and also work as one large team, Keping an eye continuously on the goals and also monitoring the progress is another action that can be taken by the management of the organization to keep their employees very motivated.

Blog is curated by Vikram Kakri.

Team Building Is the very important process of turning a particular group of individuals to work together into a very cohesive team in which each one help the other achieve the common goals. The following aspects which are conspicuous in a good thing are as follows:

1. Each team member represents each other and shares others and shares there common goals and the common expectations. The process of team building includes daily interaction, among the employees when they work together to carry out the requirements of their particular job.

• The team building process can also involve the structured activities and also the exercises  that are led by team members. The Managers with proper budget and goals which facilitate the teams;  often the external facilitation proves to be very usefui.

 How does team building actually work?

Often  the team building the manager organizes a series of meeting of employees. Here they get to know each other much better. Human research practitioners have to be comfortable leading team building sessions. But team building does not always have to be comfortable leading team building sessions. But the process of team building does not always have to have a have a get together themselves.

 The Ideas for team building activities

The members can visit a nearby park and also spend a few hours together there. They can also have a quality meal together in some restaurant or at least have a pound party. A team with a clear purpose organizes, different people with different golas and also bring out a cohesive whole. It funnels the energy  of team members for the overall goods of the organization.

Following thought process or the point can prove useful for the team building activites .

1. Clear expectations should be noted down. The method of collaboration and communication may also be designed. Better relationship among members of the team. The essential interpersonal communciationdyanmics are always positive. Clarity of purpose and goals are understood and assimilated by each of the team members.
2. There are lots of games bot indoor or outdoor whicha re played with the main pupose of team building.
3. Before you take your employees on a team building mission, you establish a process of follow up and work up integration of follow up and work place integration of the result. This can really prove very effective.
4. You must also create teams norms, effective interpersonal communications and motivation by the managers can actually proves actually very useful.
5. You can generate a team building idea which you can actually use in training class, meeting and other events by brainstorming the manager with the chosen two or three employees.
6. It is always actually a good thing to start with an ice breaking  session. Ice breakers are normally, a set of easy frivolous activities which are normally very humorous and entertaining.

Blog is written by Vikram kakri.

Formal Presentations on a variety of occasions have become a norm. Very Often these include PowerPoint presentations slides. The person who is presenting however, remains the main hero. Therefore it is very necessary that after you have made the PPT, your  job has not ended, in fact your job has just begun.

In fact you must understand the fact that the flow of the particular content.  The slides must match and also must be properly aligned to whatever you say. If it is carried out effectively, then presentations without a doubt becomes the most important activity in the field of persuasion. But that is possible only if you follow  the following steps:

1. You must be very committed to the subject and also to the proposition you are going to make.

• It has to be  very professional, where you use your eye for detail as much as possible.

• Finally, you must be passionate about the subject and you must not allow your enthusiasm to melt down.

  There are a lot of book about how to make presentation, but the best thing is not to be confused and adopt the above said principles.

It is very imperative to keep in mind your  audience. The need of your audience, the likes and the dislikes of the audience and the language they understand and also speak. Having said that you must also ask yourself the following tough questions:

1. Why are you giving or making the presentation?

• What are you going to say?

• As mentioned  above, who are you going to say it to?

• Finally, most importantly, how you are going to say it?

We must keep in mind that even the best content, if delivered not properly , is a sheer waste like useless paper thrown in  the waste paper basket.

Now let us also try to dwell on each of the above aspects:

1. The answer to the question Why? Why are you giving the presentation or an explanation. It could also be just a letter or just a telephone call.  However you have chosen it because of the need to bring all the decision maker together. When you  contact them individually, it is very difficlut to bring about the same or the similar effect and result.
2. Next point is what you are going to say and how you are going to generate the content. Needless to say, you must start with the unstructured drafts from all the relevant information. The following procedure will be helpful:
3. Prioritising- Divide the material into:
4. Must mean some thing that is essential to meet the objective.
5. Should which means important or valuable but is not essential.

• Putting them in order- the sequence of your material of the various aspect of the proposition is critical. So therefore give maximum attention to it.

The written words have a really great deal to contribute to your particular workplace communication. The importance of the written words in a particular business ecosystem can never be exaggerated. In order that your written communication becomes more effective, you will need to keep in mind the following points.

1. Use the most appropriate words that appropriately convey what you want to express.

• You can also your own ideas as well as draw your own personal conclusion. However oyu must keep in mind your particular audience, before drawing the particular conclusion.

• The good thing about the particular written material is that the written material can be transmitted to any number  of people as and when you want and desire.

• Always you must betrue to use a title that indicates what you are actually talking about.

• You must introduce the subject, defining the key aspects in very simple words to enable readers must understand and assimilate things very well.

• You must finish your writing by highlighting your key points as well as their conclusions.  The final and concluding paragraph must be clear and very articulate.

When you have completely finished you must put it to a test. The checklist must have the following:

1. Does the writing make sense?

• Is the writing very clear?

• Are the explanation or your particular arguments accurate or not accurate?

• Is your explanation complete and does it not remain hanging?

In the end, you must very carefully assess that will your readers be able to understand all the terms as well as all the concepts.  Thus you must keep the communication as simple as possible.

In addition I would like to add some sayings about what some great personalities say about writing and written communication.

1. “The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn’t said.” – Peter Drucker
2. “Emotional awareness is necessary so you can properly convey your thoughts and feelings to the other person.” – Jason Goldberg

• “Communication works for those who work at it.” – John Powell

Blog is written by Vikram Kakri.

Formals Meetings in the formal organisations are quite common and important. Typically it involves four or more people coming together to discuss some particularly important issues of the organization.

 Usually the meetings tend to become unnecessarily long. So therefore it is necessary for the organizer of the meeting, that necessary ecosystem for the meeting must be for the meetings which must be created so that unnecessary time is not wasted. If as an organizer you are sure that the meeting has a significance, so please circulate the meeting’s agenda.

If necessary the relevant document of the agenda is also circulated, so that the participants can be ready to give there particular suggestions. During the meetings some particular protocols or discipline has to be maintatined by observing the following steps:

1. Do not speak until the chairperson invites you to speak. Then speak very clearly and concisely. Keep your particular explanation or proposition very brief and simple.
2. You may invite questions and you should be prepared to give an appropriate answer that will establish the significance of your suggestions.
3. It is possible that some people who are attending your meeting may have a different  opinion on what you have to say. Listen to them carefully and if you are sure of your proposition explain the same clearing the doubt which was put forth by the questioners.
4. In case, you are the organizer you must also thank the chairperson for his or her particular time and end the meeting pleasantly.
5. The minutes of the meeting must be recorded on the same very day, as if it is delayed you  are likely miss a point.

Talk is one of the most common method of communication method where talk can be in person on the telephone or in a formal meeting.  In whichever way of communication the content should be good and it should be delivered really well. When the talk is face to face with one particular person, the expression also plays a really important role.

Telephonic talk is different from the face to face talk, because here, the communication here is only by means of voice as well as you cannot see each other and you do not  know the accompanied body language of the other person.

Though nowadays, video talks on certain application like zoom, WhatsApp, etc are the, yet the person  presence is an entirely different experience. So when you are explaining something on telephone, there are some keys which must have to be kept in mind, which are stated below:

1. Prepare your communication before you pick up the telephone to make the call. You should be clear about who, what and why of your call.

• Make a proper list of your objectives and tick of during the call when you achieve them. If there is any controversy, please make a note.

• For an extremely important call, it is worth thinking about rehearsing with somebody or in front of the mirror.

• When you are talking with someone, starts by telling you are, & why you have called them.

• Keep the particular initiative for whatever you have to talk about the topic, but pause from time to time to allow them to give you feedback.

• Keep the telephone talk as simple as possible. The objective should be to express yourself, butnot to impress others.

• When some particular questions that are asked to you, make sure you listen to them, understand them and then reply after applying you mind properly.

• You must summarise  after every important telephonic talk. The summary of the talk must be containing all the important points but keep it as short as possible.